Search This Blog

Showing posts with label history of present pregnancy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label history of present pregnancy. Show all posts

Wednesday, August 30, 2017

History Writing: A case of Premature rupture of Membrane

(All the patients may not have the same symptoms at presentation and the same risk factors, so history taking should always be INDIVIDUALISED than generalised to a standard sets of check list.It is always RECOMMENDED to ask the patient their problems and the question associated with the problem as per the need.

Interpersonal variations are always exists in the way the history is taken and written. Pattern, format and style of history taking and presenting are subject to change as per institutional protocol and region.Please kindly follow the system that is acceptable in your context.)


Patients Particulars (to be enlisted rather than written in text)
Name: Sita Koirala
Age: 28years
Address: Dhulikhel
Religion: Hindu
Marital status: married to Ram Koirala
Married for 7 years
Occupation: Housewife
Date of admission: 2016/03/05
Place of presentation: Emergency Department
Date of examination: 2016/03/07

(Mrs Sita Koirala, 23 years lady, a housewife from Dhulikhel, married for 7 years, presented to DH emergency with)

Complain of
Cessation of menstruation for 8 months
Pain abdomen for 1 day
PV leak for 3hrs


Menstrual History
Last Menstrual Period 2015/07/01
Expected Date of delivery 2016/04/07
Period of gestation: 36 WOG
Menarche: 13 years
Regularity of cycles and its length: Regular every 28 days
Duration of menstrual flow 3-4 days
Passage of clots (-)
Dysmenorrhea (-)
Number of pads changed per day and its soakage.(3 pads/day, partially soaked)
(She attained her menarche at the age of 13 years with regular cycles of 28 days and menstrual flow of 3-4 days. She changes 3 partially soaked pads per day with no history of passage of clots and severe crampy pains during her menstruation)


Obstetrics History
Marital History
Duration of marriage 7 years
Age at marriage 21years

Parity Index (G3P1A1L1)
She is a Gravida 3 Para 1 Abortion 1 and Living 1 lady and was 23 years at the age of her first child birth.
She has a 5 years old boy, delivered normally at Dhulikhel Hospital with birth weight of 2.8 kg. Antenatal, natal and postnatal period was uneventful.

She had a spontaneous abortion 1 year back at 10 weeks of gestation for which she underwent suction and evacuation at Dhulikhel hospital. No complications were noted.

Contraceptive history
She used OCP immediately after her marriage but discontinued after 3 cycles of use. 3 months after the delivery of her child she inserted cupper T. She removed copper T one year back. She had regular cycles during the use and no complications were noted in between.

History of Present pregnancy
First Trimester
She confirmed her pregnancy after 1.5 months of cessation of menstruation at local clinic by urine pregnancy test. She had complains of nausea and vomiting but was not severe enough to get hospitalized. She also complains of urgency and frequency but no burning micturition. Mild soreness of breast was present. But she does not give history of fever, pain abdomen or per vaginal bleeding.
She had 1 ANC visit in the 1st trimester where her blood and urine examination was done and was told to be normal. She took Tab Folic acid. USG was not done. No exposure to any radiation or intake of any other non-prescribed medication.

Second trimester
Cessation of menstruation continued. There was progressive enlargement of abdomen and breast.
Quickening was experienced at 5 months of gestation.
She had 3 ANC visits. She had routine checkup and was told to be within normal limits. She took tab iron and tab calcium regularly. Tab Albendazole was taken at 5th month of gestation. 2 doses of TT vaccination was taken month apart. Blood test after consumption of glucose and water was done which was told to be normal. USG was done at 5th month and told to be normal.
She had no complains of urgency, frequency and burning micturition. No complains of headache, blurring of vision, shortness of breath. No history of fever, PV bleeding or PV discharge.

Third trimester
Cessation of menstruation continued. There was progressive enlargement of abdomen and breast. She gained a total weight of 10 kg during her pregnancy. She is perceiving fetal movements.
She had 4 ANC visits, continued the intake of tab Iron and calcium.
No complains of urgency frequency, No swelling of limbs and shortness of breath. No complains of headache, blurring of vision, fever, PV bleeding or PV discharge.

History of Present illness
According to the patient she was apparently well 1 day back, then she gradually developed lower abdominal pain which was insidious on onset, on and off. No radiation of the pain. No aggravating and relieving factors were present. She also gives history of per vaginal leaking 3 hours back which was plenty enough to soak her clothes which aggravated her abdominal pain. The fluid was clear and not stained with blood or green colored discharges.
She is perceiving fetal movement.
She does not give history of PV bleeding.
No history of fever, no urgency frequency or burning micturition.
No PV discharge.
No history of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or abdominal distension.
No history of trauma.
No cough, cold or chest pain.

History of Past Illness
No history of chronic illness like Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Epilepsy, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Bronchial Asthma, or Hypothyroidism. No past history of tuberculosis or jaundice.
No prior surgeries done. Not under any medication for any chronic illness.
No known allergy to any food, drug or other substances.

Personal History
She is a non- smoker and does not consume alcohol. She consumes non vegetarian diet. She has normal bowel and bladder habit and has adequate rest.

Family History
No history of chronic illness in the family. No history of congenital anomaly in the family. No history of consanguinity. No history of multi-fetal pregnancy or recurrent abortion in the maternal lineage.

Socioeconomic History
She belongs to a well sustained middle class family with good relation in the society. She has completed class 12.She lives in a modern house with good provision of clean drinking water and sanitary latrine.

My Provisional diagnosis based upon history is
G3P1A1L1 at 36 WOG with Premature Rupture of Membrane.

Have problem with gravida para. Try some problems 


*** Disclaimer : This is a hypothetical case and is not a real life scenario. However, the condition is so common and prevalent, it is a coincidence if it matches with the life of any. This case is solely for educational purpose with no intentions meant otherwise.*** 

Tuesday, March 15, 2016

Complete Obstetrics history (points not to be missed)


1. Patients Particulars 2. Chief Complain 3. Menstrual History 4. Obstetrics History a. Marital History b. Parity Index (GxPxAxLx) i. Antenatal ii. Natal iii. Post Natal c. Abortion d. Contraceptive history 5. History of Present pregnancy a. First Trimester i. ANC visits ii. Complains iii. Complications b. Second trimester i. ANC visits ii. Complains iii. Complications c. Third trimester i. ANC visits ii. Complains iii. Complications 6. History of Present illness 7. History of Past Illness a. Chronic medical illness b. Past diseases c. Surgery d. Drug and Allergy History : 8. Personal History 9. Family History 10. Socioeconomic History
List of items in Obstetrics history

This page is dedicated to writing history of a Obstetrics case for medical students.

The following points should always be included in any obstetrics history. These form the basis of Obstetrics history. The patient particulars followed by the presenting complains are the first things to be listed. Unlike any other history writing, obstetric history doesn't have history of present illness immediately after the chief complains. The menstrual and obstetrics history gets the priority ahead of that. Similarly, history of present pregnancy must be included before the elaboration of presenting complains because menstrual, obstetrics and history of present pregnancy is the basis of history writing in any obstetric case.


Last Menstrual Period dd/mm/yyyy Expected Date of delivery dd/mm/yyyy Period of gestation: from the LMP (9months and 7 days from the LMP) Menarche Regularity of cycles and its length Duration of menstrual flow Passage of clots Dysmenorrhea Number of pads changed per day and its soakage.
Menstrual History : Points to include
Learn about the indications of Cesarean Section 

A. Marital History Duration of marriage Age at marriage B. Parity Index (GxPxAxLx) Gravida Para Abortion and Living (in order) Age at first conception and child birth For every Parity (if not eventful) Sex of baby, age of baby, mode of delivery and place of delivery with birth weight if feasibleIf eventful 1. Antenatal Visits, Intake of folic acid, iron and calcium, any unusual events : Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Elevated BP/ Preeclampsia/Eclampsia, Antepartum Hemorrhage, IUGR, Fetal anomaly on scan, or any other complication 2. Natal Period of gestation, Premature rupture of membrane, Antepartum hemorrhage, duration of labor, induction of labor, failure of progression of labor if caesarean section done : indication for caesarean, no of times CS done, Type of Scar in the abdomen, Scar tenderness or any other complication 3. Post Natal Mother Post partum Hemorrhage, vulval hematoma, urinary retention, wound infection, fever or any other complication Baby Birth weight, Baby cried immediately after birth, passage of meconium, passage of urine, Breast feeding, need for ICU stay, fever, or any other complication C. Abortion How long back? Period of gestation? Spontaneous or induced? if induced medical termination or surgical? If aseptic where ? history of fever, PPH, Molar pregnancy or any other complicationD. Contraceptive history Duration of use of contraception Indication for initiation Indication for termination Any complication If any incidence of failure and alternatives used
 Previous Obstetrics history: Points to be included

Learn more about the parity index. Para, Gravida, Living and Abortion and solve some problems. 
First Trimester Confirmation of pregnancy by UPT after ? Cessation of menstruation. 1. ANC visits Frequency Weight and height If yes Blood test (ABO Rh Typing, Serology, and Blood Sugar) Urine test (UPT, URME) Ultrasonography done or not Use of Folic acid (mention if pre-conceptional) 2. Complains Urinary Complains: Urgency, frequency and burning micturitionGastric Complains: Nausea vomiting and altered taste Breast Complains: Enlargement of breast, soreness of breast, darkening of areola Vaginal Complains: PV discharge, itching 3. Complications Fever, pain abdomen or PV bleeding Need of Hospitalization for any of the complains Exposure to radiation Intake of any drug
History of present pregnancy: things you need to ask in 1st trimester

Continuation of cessation of menstruation Abdominal distension with enlargement of breast and areolar tissue Weight gain Quickening felt at 1. ANC visits Frequency Intake of iron Intake of calcium Intake of Albendazole Two tetanus toxoid vaccination Glucose challenge test Anomaly Scan 2. Complains Urinary Complains: Urgency, frequency and burning micturition Gastric Complains: Nausea vomiting and altered taste Breast Complains: Enlargement of breast, soreness of breast, darkening of areola Vaginal Complains: PV discharge, itching 3. Complications Pain Abdomen PV bleeding PV discharge Fever Body edema, headache, epigastric pain, dizziness, blurring of vision Shortness of breathe Need of hospitalization for any of the cause.
History of present pregnancy: things you need to ask in 2nd trimester

Continuation of cessation of menstruation Abdominal distension with enlargement of breast and areolar tissue Weight gain Perceiving fetal movement 1. ANC visits Number of visit Intake of iron Intake of calciumUSG at 3rd trimester 2. Complains Urinary complains Respiratory complains Pedal edema 3. Complications Pain Abdomen PV bleeding PV discharge Fever Body edema, headache, epigastric pain, dizziness, blurring of vision Shortness of breathe Need of hospitalization for any of the cause.
History of present pregnancy: things you need to ask in 3rd trimester 



Elaborate the presenting symptoms to support your provisional diagnosis, rule out the differential diagnoses with negative history and always rule out the complications associated with these problems in the history of present illness. And identify any other symptoms present that may support your diagnoses from any other systems in the body.
Elaboration of the presenting complain Positive history (To support provisional diagnosis) Negative history (To rule out differential diagnoses) History to rule out complications Systemic review
Things to elaborate for the presenting complains.
Past history, Personal history, family history and socio-economic history are equally relevant and important in any history taking and so does in obstetrics.
A. Chronic medical illness Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus, Epilepsy, Rheumatic Heart Disease, Bronchial Asthma, Hypothyroidism, B. Past diseases Tuberculosis, Syphilis, Hepatitis, TORCH infection C. Surgery Gynecological: Cervical Cerclage, Myomectomy, Suction evacuation, Endometrial Sampling General: Laparotomy, laparoscopy or any other surgery in the body D. Drug and Allergy History: Intake of medication for prolonged duration for any of the illness Allergy to any food, drug or any other substance
Past medical and surgical history that needs to be taken care.
Addiction: Smoking, Alcohol, Tobacco or any recreational Drug Diet: Vegetarian Vs. Non vegetarian (if malnourished/ nutritionally unfit: amount of food intake, intake of meat, egg, milk and green leafy vegetable in week, amount of pulse consumption) Bowel and Bladder habit Sleep Pattern
Personal habits and history that can affect your current pregnancy.
Family History Chronic illness: TB, HTN, Bronchial Asthma History of consanguity Maternal History Twin / Multifetal pregnancy Congenital Anomaly Recurrent Abortion Congenital Anomaly in the family VIII. Socioeconomic History Level of education of the patient Economic Status Social relations
Family and socioeconomic history that matters in pregnancy.
Including all these points mentioned in the diagram makes your history informative and complete.

Lets us see an example of a case