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Showing posts with label Para. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Para. Show all posts

Wednesday, August 23, 2017

Gravida and Para: Solution and Explanation to really tough questions

Problem no 6
A lady at 32 weeks of pregnancy has 3 kids, a pair of twins of 4 years age and one of age 7. What is the parity index.

Solution 6: G3P2L3A0
The lady has three kids. A pair of twin are the outcome of single pregnancy. A child elder to those makes another pregnancy. She is pregnant now. All this adds up to make her gravidity THREE. Two pregancies outcome was full term viable kids. Since Twin make only ONE in parity index. The net parity is TWO. However, there are 3 living kids.
Problem no 7
32 years lady has a 5 years child which she conceived after great efforts after having two unsuccessful pregnancies. One terminated at 13 weeks of gestation following inevitable abortion and another was a still birth. She thought she is currently pregnant but USG showed snow storm appearance in the uterus most probably hyaditiform mole. What is her parity index.

Solution 7: G4P2L1A1
She had one abortion, one still birth, one live birth and currently a H Mole. So her garvidity is 4 because garvidity is number of times a lady has conceived irrespective of the outcome, no matter whether it is alive, dead, ectopic or molar preganancy. She has a 5 years kid and one was a still birth. Still birth are those fetuses delivered after they have completed the period of viability. So her parity is two. Only one child is alive currently. She also had one spontaneous inevitable abortion at 13 weeks means it has not reached viability.
Problem no 8
A Lady with blood group B negative and sub-clinical hypothyroidism  delivered a normal baby in 2007. She was again pregnant in 2009 however it terminated early, again in 2010 there was another episode of abortion. In 2013, there was no complication in the early pregnancy but later the child developed erythroblastosis fetalis at 32 weeks of gestation and the pregnancy was terminated with a cesarean section. However the child could not survive. With such a bad obstetrics history, she has again conceived. What is her parity index.

Solution 8: G5P2L1A2
She had a normal pregnancy in 2007, two pregnancies at 2009 and 2010, one cesarean at 2013 and is still pregnant. So her garvidity is 5. Since, only two fetuses were delivered, one normally and one following cesarean delivery at 32 weeks (Viable fetus), the parity is two. The child delivered via cesarean could not make it to life because of erythroblastosis fetalis, so only the first child is living. She had two ill fated pregnancies that could not make to age of viability and hence the abortion is  two.

Problem no 9
A mother of two children had underwent medical termination of pregnancy at 10 weeks of gestation as she had conceived unplanned.  She lost both her kids in a major disaster when they were just 4 and 6 years of age. She is again pregnant and luckily she has conceived two fetuses. What is her parity index 

Solution 9: G4P2L0A1
The first child were 4 and 6 at the time of disaster. She had one MTP. She is currently pregnant. So, she is 4 gravida. The twins are the product of single conception, so it is counted as 1. She delivered two viable fetus who lived a happy life of 4 and 6. So, the parity is 2. But, since the tragedy happened and they no longer exist the number of living child is zero. Her unplanned pregnancy she terminated at 10 weeks accounts for 1 abortion.


Problem 10
My grandmother had 15 children of which there were three sets of twin deliveries. Total of 7 uncle and 8 aunt are alive today. She had 2 kids who died within 3 days of birth of which one of the kid was from a twin delivery and 3 episodes of abortions in early stages. What was her parity index when she was pregnant with my youngest uncle.
                    
Solution 10: ??G15P12L14A3??
This is a very long and time consuming process to describe. May be I shall leave it to the reader to calculate my grand mothers parity index because I do not have enough vigor left to think and calculate after writing this 3 pages long article. In case if you happen to calculate the index please mention it in the comment below for our other viewers and if possible with explanation as well.

The most important point I want to discuss here is that if I had asked what is the parity index of my grand mother currently, we cannot mention her GRAVID because she is not pregnant currently.  So her parity index would have started from PxLyAz.One can not be labelled Gravid until and unless she is pregnant. NEVER EVER FORGET THIS POINT.


In case you have found any flaw or mistake please kindly comment. Thank you.

Gravida and Para: Solution and Explanation to easy problems

Solution of all questions on Parity index with their explanations

Problem no 1
A 19 years lady married 5 months back presented to your OPD with complains of amenorrhea for 2 months. Urine pregnancy test was done and was found to be positive. How will you define her pregnancy.

Solution 1: G1P0L0A0 simply G1
The lady is a PRIMI GRAVIDA. She has conceived for the first time ever and has not delivered any viable fetuses so her garvidity is 1, and parity is 0.

Problem no 2
A 22 years lady was married a year back and had one spontaneous abortion 8 months back at 12 WOG. She has again conceived and is 8 weeks pregnant. What is her parity Index?
Solution 2: G2P0L0A1
The lady is pregant currently and has conceived previously so her garvidity is one. But since the previous pregnancy could not reach a viable age to be defined as parous rather was terminated at 12 weeks hence labelled as one abortion.

Problem No 3
A women underwent induced abortion at 4 months of gestation, followed by normal full term delivery and is again pregnant. What is her garvidity?

Solution 3: G3P1L1A1
The lady is conceiving for the third time. So, her gravida is 3.She had one medical termination of pregnancy, which accounts for 1 abortion. She has also delivered a normal full term child so one viable fetus has been delivered which makes her  parity 1 and the child is living.
Problem no 4
A 35 years lady is pregnant for the second time now and had delivered twins at term in previous pregnancy. Calculate the parity Index.

Solution 4: G2P1L2A0
The lady is pregnant for the second time.. She has twin delivery before. Though she delivered two child, that was a single pregnancy and the same single preganacy crossed the vaibility. So, her garvidity is 2 and so is her parity. Since two child are alive so the living status is 2.

  
Problem no 5
A lady is 36 weeks pregnant with triplets following an invitro fertilization. What is the parity index?

Solution 5: G1P0L0A0

This is the first and foremost time the lady has conceived which makes her primi gravida. Even though the period of viability has crossed but she has not delivered any child so her parity is zero. No matter how many fetus are within, this is still a single pregnancy and this does not change neither her gravidity nor the parity.




In case you have found any flaw or mistake please kindly comment. Thank you.

Gravida and Para: With 10 simple to complex case scenarios

Gravida indicates the number of times a lady has conceived including the current pregnancy, irrespective of outcome and gestational maturity. The lady is Gravid only when she is pregnant. So, Gravidity is the indicator of present and previous pregnancies. The possible outcome of any gravid uterus include live birth, still birth, abortions, hyaditiform mole, IUD or Neonatal death.

Parity indicates the number of times a lady has delivered a viable fetus(in underdeveloped and developing world 28 completed weeks of gestation) irrespective whether the outcome was live or still birth.

Abortion is the expulsion of product of conception before the age of viability. Both spontaneous (miscarriage) and induced (Medical Termination of Pregnancy) are included in this.
Living indicates the number of living child.
The parity Index is expressed as GnPn An Ln (n= number)

Now let us solve some cases to identify the parity index.

Problem no 1
A 19 years lady married 5 months back presented to your OPD with complains of amenorrhea for 2 months. Urine pregnancy test was done and was found to be positive. How will you define her pregnancy.

Problem no 2
A 22 years lady was married a year back and had one spontaneous abortion 8 months back at 12 WOG. She has again conceived and is 8 weeks pregnant. What is her parity Index?

Click here for the solutions.

Problem No 3
A women underwent induced abortion at 4 months of gestation, followed by normal full term delivery and is again pregnant. What is her garvidity?

Problem no 4
A 35 years lady is pregnant for the second time now and had delivered twins at term in previous pregnancy. Calculate the parity Index.

Problem no 5
A lady is 36 weeks pregnant with triplets following an invitro fertilization. What is the parity index?

Click here for the solutions.

Problem no 6
A lady at 32 weeks of pregnancy has 3 kids, a pair of twins of 4 years age and one of age 7. What is the parity index.

Problem no 7
32 years lady has a 5 years child which she conceived after great efforts after having two unsuccessful pregnancies. One terminated at 13 weeks of gestation following inevitable abortion and another was a still birth. She thought she is currently pregnant but USG showed snow storm appearance in the uterus most probably hyaditiform mole. What is her parity index.
Problem no 8
A Lady with blood group B negative and sub-clinical hypothyroidism  delivered a normal baby in 2007. She was again pregnant in 2009 however it terminated early, again in 2010 there was another episode of abortion. In 2013, there was no complication in the early pregnancy but later the child developed erythroblastosis fetalis at 32 weeks of gestation and the pregnancy was terminated with a cesarean section. However the child could not survive. With such a bad obstetrics history, she has again conceived. What is her parity index.

Problem no 9
A mother of two children had underwent medical termination of pregnancy at 10 weeks of gestation as she had conceived unplanned.  She lost both her kids in a major disaster when they were just 4 and 6 years of age. She is again pregnant and luckily she has conceived two fetuses. What is her parity index

Problem 10
My grandmother had 15 children of which there were three sets of twin deliveries. Total of 7 uncle and 8 aunt are alive today. She had 2 kids who died within 3 days of birth of which one of the kid was from a twin delivery and 3 episodes of abortions in early stages. What was her parity index when she was pregnant with my youngest uncle.