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Showing posts with label student note. Show all posts
Showing posts with label student note. Show all posts

Friday, September 19, 2014

Membrane over tonsil (Differential diagnoses)

Mnenomics
Membrane Above A Tonsils Can Vary from MILd To Dangerous.

Membranes
Above        Apthous Ulcer
A               Agranulocytosis
Tonsil       membranous Tonsillitis
Can          Candiasis
Vary         Vincents Angina
MILd       Malignancy
                 Infectious Mononucleosis
                 Leukemia
To            Trauma
Dangerous Diptheria

Do you know how your examiner wants to hear the examination of oral cavity during your OSCE and Clinical Skills. Follow link.

Paradise Criteria for Tonsillectomy 




Examination of Ear: How to describe



The following is the complete examination of ear from pinna up to the tympanic membrane to  be described after the complete ear examination .

PINNA

On examination of external ear (both medially and laterally), the ear looks normal in shape (funnel shaped), size (equal to dorsum of nose) and position (The Frankfurt line divides the ear in upper one third) with normal contour (formed by helix, antihelix, conchae, cymbaconchae, tragus, antitragus and lobule) There is no gross deformity, no swelling or redness. The pre auricuar area looks normal with no sinus, no pits, redness,  swelling or any other mass or skin tags. The post auricular area looks normal. The postauricular area looks normal with no ironed out appearance, and no obliteration of retroauricular groove.   

On palpation there is no local rise in temperature and or tenderness both on the pinna and the mastoid. There is no thickening of tissue. Circumduction can be performed.

EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL

On examination of the external auditory canal without speculum, the size of the meatus is adequate 
(normal 8-9mm, stenosed if <4mm) containing wax and debris. The content is (Profuse/scanty in amount)(Foul smelling)(Blood mixed). There is no swelling or any mass.

On examination with otoscope or speculum, there is no furuncles, swelling or mass on the wall of the external auditory canal and contains().

TYMPANIC MEMBRANE

The tympanic membrane on examination under speculum/otoscope looks semitransparent glistening and pearly white in color with visible cone of light and handle of malleus. There is no perforation or bulging of tympanic membrane. There is no perforation, vesicles on the surface of tympanic membrane, the mobility of tympanic membrane is not assessed.


Thursday, September 18, 2014

Drugs/Poisons resisting Putrefaction

Drugs/Poisons resisting Putrefaction
Organophosphorus
Edrin
Strychnine
Antimony
Arsenic
Nicotine
Dhatura
Yellow Oleander

@ OE SANDY

Difference between True bruise and Artificial Bruise

The concept of malingering has made it important to identify whether any bluish discoloration in the body is true bruise or bruise induced with use of various plant products. It is useful in forensic science to identify whether any assault / physical violence is true or the victim is fortifying the evidence to setup any guiltless.


True bruises can be present anywhere in the body and is generally associated with blister and itching. It changes color following the blunt trauma unlike false bruise which are stained by plant products and hence don’t change their color.

Click to know how is a respired lungs different from the unrespired lungs of a newborn.

Character
Artificial Bruise
True Bruise
Cause
Chemical Agent like plumbago, semicarpus, madar juice 
Blunt Trauma
Location
Accessible part of body mostly
Anywhere
Blister
Present around the bruise
Not present
Itching
Present
Not Present
Color Changes
Absent
Characteristic
Fingers
Marks of scratching
Not so
Content
Acrid Serum
Extravagated blood
Chemical Analysis
Chemical detected



Not so

Difference between Chili and Dhatura

Character
Chilli
Dhatura
Size
Small
Large
Color
Yellow
Brown to black
Smell
Pungent
Odorless
Taste
Pungent
Bitter
Appearance
Round & Smooth
Reniform with pitted surface
Border
Convex Single edge
Concave with double edge
Section
Embryo curved inward
Embryo curved outward