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Showing posts with label Nose. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Nose. Show all posts

Tuesday, August 1, 2017

Causes of altered sensation of Smell


Anosmia (No smell)
Atrophic rhinitis
Peripheral neuritis
Degenerative Disease of Nose
Injury to factory nerve
Injury to olfactory bulb
Anterior Cranial fossa fracture
Intracranial abscess
Intracranial tumors
Meningitis

Causes of various types of Nasal discharge.

Parosmia (Perversion of smell)
Recovery Phase of post influenza anosmia
Intracranial tumor

Clinical Examination of Nose and PNS

Hyposmia (Decreased Smell)
Nasal Polyp
Enlarged Turbinate
Edema of Mucosal Membrane
 Common cold
Vasomotor Rhinitis
Allergic Rhinitis


Thursday, September 18, 2014

Examination of Nose and PNS: How to describe.

On examination of osteocartilagenous framework and the skin of the nose, it looks normal in shape and size (Mid face). No gross deformity like hump nose, depressed or deviated nose visible on examination from lateral profile. There is no widening of nasal dorsum. No swelling or lump in the area adjacent to the nose. No scars, sinus, change in color of skin and any ulceration
On palpation of nose, there is no local rise in temperature or tenderness. No fixity of skin, no thickening of soft tissue and No crepitation.

Spatula Test
On performing the spatula test, mist formation is equally present bilaterally suggestive of bilateral nasal patency.
Cotton Wool Test
There is equal movement of cotton on performing cotton wool test.

NASAL VESTIBULE
There is no furuncle, fissure, crusting, and there is no caudal dislocation of nasal septum. No grossly visible pathology with in nasal cavity.

ANTERIOR RHINOSCOPY
The opening of nasal cavity is wide/narrow or adequate. The mucosa looks normal pink and moist. There is no discharge or any other mass. On examination of nasal septum there is no deviation, no perforation, no septal bulging and no any ulceration or growth.
The Mucosa of the nasal turbinate looks pink and moist. The turbinates are not hypertrophied/ atrophied. There is no discharge from the middle meatus.

POSTERIOR RHINOSCOPY
On performing posterior rhinoscopy, the normal structures like opening of ET tube, Choana, posterior end of the septum and turbinates can be visualized. There is no mass on anterior side. There is no post nasal discharge.

PARANASAL SINUS
The area over the soft tissue of cheek, lip, lower eyelid, Upper eyelid, forehead, root of nose, orbital margin and its content look normal. There is no swelling or redness. There is no proptosis.

On palpation over the canine fossa, medial aspect of the root of the orbit and deep to medial canthus, there is no tenderness.


Tuesday, September 16, 2014

Differntial Diagnoses in Nose

Nasal Polyp
Nasal mass
Antrochonal Polyp
Blob of mucous
Juvenile Nasal Angiofibroma
Rhinosporiodosis
Glioma
Antrochonal Polyp
Hemangioma
Rhinoscleroma
Encephaloceles
Rhinolith
Papilloma
Hypertrophied turbinates

Malignancy

Septal Hematoma

Learn describing the Nose and PNS during the OSCE and  Clinical Skill  examination.


Crust in Nose
Atrophic Rhinitis
Rhinoscleroma
Rhinitis Sicca
TB
Syphillis
Septal Perforation
Rhinosporiodosis
Any granulomatos disease of nose

Differential diagnoses of various types of Nasal discharge.



Membrane over nose
Bacterial Rhinitis
Diptheria
Aspergillosis
Itching  over nose
Myiasis
Allergic Rhinitis

Differential diagnosis of Nasal discharge

Unilateral Foul Smelling Nasal Discharge
Bilateral Foul Smelling Nasal Discharge
Atrophic Rhinitis
Nasal foreign Body
Rhinoscleroma
Rhinolith
Syphilis
Nasal diphtheria
Leprosy
Nasal Myasis

Acute Unilateral sinusitis

Chronic Unilateral Sinusitis

Purulent Nasal Discharge
Watery Nasal Discharge
Rhinitis Caseosa
CSF Rhinitis
Wegeners Granulomatosis
Allergic Rhinitis
Chronic sinusitis
Vasomotor Rhinitis

Acute Rhinitis

Blood Tinged nasal discharge
Rhinosporiodosis
Wegeners granulomatosis
Foreign Body
Rhinolith
Myiasis